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- <text id=90TT0999>
- <title>
- Apr. 23, 1990: Soviet Union:Freedom's Haunting Melody
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Apr. 23, 1990 Dan Quayle:No Joke
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 46
- SOVIET UNION
- Freedom's Haunting Melody
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>As Georgians ponder which path to take to independence,
- Gorbachev threatens to turn the economic screws in Lithuania
- </p>
- <p> As midnight approached, the crowd keeping vigil on the
- front steps of the government building in Tbilisi, capital of
- the Georgian Republic, suddenly burst into song. The anthem was
- an ancient call to battle, glorifying freedom as "the sweetest
- of words." As its haunting harmonies echoed down nearby
- Rustaveli Prospect, tens of thousands of Georgians thrust
- clenched fists into the air. One year ago to the day, on April
- 9, 1989, Soviet troops had broken up a peaceful demonstration
- on the very same spot with tanks, shovels and poison gas,
- killing 20 people. Last week residents gathered in the streets
- again--but not just to mourn their dead. As one impassioned
- young speaker put it, they were celebrating "a great victory on
- the difficult road to freedom and complete independence."
- </p>
- <p> The message was hard for Moscow to miss. A sign in Russian
- on a pillar of the government offices read, OCCUPIERS, GO HOME!
- Another placard urged SOLIDARITY WITH THE LITHUANIAN PEOPLE.
- Representatives from the restive Baltic republics were on hand
- to wave their national banners alongside the flag of the
- short-lived Georgian Republic.
- </p>
- <p> Independence, though, is a difficult road, as was clear
- last week when Lithuania received its most ominous warning yet
- from Moscow. Addressing the breakaway government, Mikhail
- Gorbachev charged the Lithuanians with "anticonstitutional
- actions." Rescind those decisions "within the next two days,"
- he demanded, or the shipment of supplies to Lithuania would be
- stopped. Gorbachev was seemingly threatening to cut off oil,
- natural gas and coal supplies to the Baltic republic, which
- depends on the Soviet Union for most of its energy needs.
- </p>
- <p> If Mikhail Gorbachev thought he could limit the cracks in
- the union to the Baltic region, he has certainly been
- underestimating the Georgians. The 5.4 million people of this
- small Caucasian republic have never forgotten the brief period
- of independence they enjoyed between 1918 and 1921, when
- invading Bolshevik forces imposed Soviet rule. The Georgians
- contend that they were illegally forced into the union, in
- violation of a 1920 "noninterference" treaty with Moscow.
- </p>
- <p> Georgians are of two minds about how to gain their freedom.
- The centrist Popular Front movement advocates working through
- the republic's supreme soviet to advance the cause of
- independence. The National Forum, a coalition of seven political
- parties and national movements set up last month, rejects any
- form of cooperation with what it calls the Soviet "puppet"
- government. The group wants to hold alternative elections for
- a new national congress.
- </p>
- <p> One man certain to play a pivotal role in Georgia's future
- is Zviad Gamsakhurdia, chairman of the Georgian Helsinki Union
- and a leader of the National Forum. The son of one of the
- republic's best-loved writers and a distinguished translator and
- literary scholar in his own right, Gamsakhurdia is viewed by
- many of his countrymen as something of a Georgian Vaclav Havel.
- Twice imprisoned for his nationalist views, Gamsakhurdia
- believes full sovereignty can be achieved only through
- nonviolent opposition to Soviet rule. As he explains, "It is
- senseless to declare independence when the Soviet army and
- administration are still here. No Soviet institutions can bring
- freedom to Georgia. The only way is through civil disobedience."
- </p>
- <p> The Georgian Helsinki Union has drafted an economic program
- that attempts to prove that the republic can survive alone.
- Georgia not only can feed itself but also has sufficient
- reserves of oil, coal and hydroelectricity to meet its energy
- needs. Furthermore, the republic boasts mineral deposits plus
- undeveloped forests, Black Sea beaches and Caucasus mountain
- peaks. The major drawback for Georgia, argues the document, is
- that "its energies are constrained by the limits of an economic
- system imposed from the outside." The union proposes "shock
- treatment" for one year to build a free market out of the
- republic's thriving underground economy.
- </p>
- <p> Such grandiose plans may come to naught if the Georgian
- independence drive sparks ethnic tensions among the republic's
- minority peoples, who make up a substantial 30% of the
- population. Many are concerned about the Georgia-for-Georgians
- tone that has been creeping into the political debate.
- Gamsakhurdia believes Moscow is "fighting against us through the
- hand of other nationalities."
- </p>
- <p> For the moment, the Kremlin seems to be hoping that if it
- ignores the Georgian national movement, it might somehow go
- away. But what will happen when Moscow wakes up to the fact that
- independence is a word not limited to the Lithuanians? Gorbachev
- makes no secret of how deeply he fears the movements seeking to
- redraw the boundaries of his country. At a meeting with young
- Communists last week, he predicted, "If we begin to divide up,
- I'll give it to you bluntly, we'll end up in such a civil war,
- in such bloody carnage that we won't be able to crawl out of
- it." Given the tragic memories in Tbilisi, it was a fate
- Georgians were determined to avoid.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-